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For successful seedlings,
see the growing notes at the bottom of the page!

Paper birch (Betula papyrifera) is a medium-sized deciduous tree belonging to the Betulaceae family. It typically reaches between 15 and 25 metres in height. It is distinguished by its thin, white bark that peels off in large papery strips, and by its oval, toothed leaves, medium green on top and paler underneath.

Flowering occurs in spring, either before or at the same time as the leaves emerge. Male and female flowers are borne on separate catkins—the former elongated and pendulous, the latter upright. The fruits are small samaras grouped in cylindrical catkins that fall when mature.

Paper birch is a pioneer species that quickly colonizes disturbed sites: burned lands, clearings, and roadsides. It grows in a wide variety of soils, but prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soils. It tolerates cold, relative drought, and grows well in both full sun and diffuse light. It is found throughout Quebec.

Medicinal and culinary uses
The bark and leaves of paper birch have been used in infusions or decoctions for their diuretic, febrifuge, and antiseptic properties. The inner cambium, rich in starch, could be eaten in times of need. The bark was also used as a container or material for cooking or preserving food. The wood, for its part, has long been used to make tools, objects, furniture, and paper.

The sap is also edible and can be reduced into syrup, although its sugar content is lower than that of maple sap.

Ecological roles
Paper birch plays a fundamental role in natural forest succession. As a pioneer species, it prepares the ground for more demanding trees. Its light seeds are dispersed by the wind over great distances. Its leaves, which decompose quickly, enrich the soil with organic matter. It provides food for hares, deer, and many bird species, and shelters numerous insects.

Paper birch seeds require cold stratification to ensure germination. See the cultivation notes below for more details.

Akène cannot assume any responsibility for the use of plants for therapeutic purposes. Always seek advice from a professional before using a medicinal or edible plant.