For successful seedlings,
see the growing notes at the bottom of the page!

Red oak (Quercus rubra) is a large, majestic deciduous tree that typically reaches about 20 metres in height, with a rounded crown and a straight trunk covered in dark grey bark marked with longitudinal fissures. Its alternate, deeply lobed leaves measure 12 to 25 cm long and turn a vivid red in the fall. The acorns, borne on short stalks, are oval and about 2 cm long, partially enclosed in a shallow cupule.
This species grows in deciduous forests, on well-drained slopes, and in soils that range from slightly acidic to neutral. It tolerates a variety of soil textures but prefers deep sandy-loam substrates. Its deep taproot provides excellent resistance to wind and drought.
Furthermore, oaks (Quercus spp.) are recognized as keystone plants for biodiversity because of their fundamental importance in maintaining forest ecosystems.

Medicinal and culinary uses
The inner bark of red oak is astringent and tonic, used in decoctions or external applications to treat throat inflammations, diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, and skin conditions. It contains strong tannins that account for its medicinal properties.
The acorns, once the tannins have been removed by soaking or boiling, are edible. They can be dried and ground into a nutritious flour or roasted for consumption.

Ecological roles
Red oak is a keystone plant for biodiversity and plays a vital role in forest ecosystems. It supports a wide range of animal species by providing both food and shelter. Its acorns are an important food source for squirrels, deer, black bears, blue jays, and many other birds and mammals. Its leaves feed the caterpillars of numerous butterflies and moths, which in turn sustain insect-eating birds and other links in the food chain. Mature trees offer cavities suitable for nesting and hibernation for bats and birds. Its presence also promotes the growth of other plant species beneath its canopy, enhancing the structure, diversity, and resilience of mixed forests in Quebec.

Red oak seeds require scarification and cold stratification to ensure germination. See the cultivation notes below for more details.

Akène cannot assume any responsibility for the use of plants for therapeutic purposes. Always seek advice from a professional before using a medicinal or edible plant.